If she is ever carrying another Rh-positive child, her Rh antibodies will recognize the Rh proteins on the surface of the baby's blood cells as foreign. Her antibodies will pass into the baby's bloodstream and attack those cells. This can make the baby's red blood cells swell and rupture. This is known as hemolytic or Rh disease of the newborn. It can make a baby's blood count get very low. If a pregnant woman has the potential to develop Rh incompatibility, doctors give her a series of two Rh immune-globulin shots during her first pregnancy.
She'll get:. Rh immune-globulin acts like a vaccine. It prevents the mother's body from making any Rh antibodies that could cause serious health problems in the newborn or affect a future pregnancy.
A woman also might get a dose of Rh immune-globulin if she has a miscarriage, an amniocentesis , or any bleeding during pregnancy. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Sections for Rh factor blood test About. Overview Rhesus Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Frequently asked questions. Pregnancy FAQ The Rh factor: How it can affect your pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Accessed May 11, Moise KJ. Overview of Rhesus Rh alloimmunization in pregnancy. Accessed May 10, The Rh screening test result also allows a healthcare provider to give additional support to a patient if incompatibility is detected. Do you know your Rh factor type? An Rh screening test is a procedure that determines whether the blood cells have the Rh protein on the surface of the blood cell.
This exam requires a healthcare professional to collect a sample of blood from a vein in the hand or arm to perform the test. The American Red Cross tests all blood donations for Rh factor along with blood type and various infectious diseases. Nothing needs to be done to prepare for the screening test.
A simple blood test can determine your blood type and Rh status. A blood sample can be taken in the office of your obstetrician-gynecologist ob-gyn or other obstetric care provider. This sample usually is taken during the first prenatal care visit. An antibody screen is another blood test that can show if an Rh-negative woman has made antibodies to Rh-positive blood. This test also can show how many antibodies have been made. If you are Rh negative and there is a possibility that your fetus is Rh positive, your ob-gyn or other obstetric care provider may request this test during your first trimester.
You may have this test again at 28 weeks of pregnancy. In some cases, you may be tested more often. Rh immunoglobulin Rhlg is a medication that stops the body from making antibodies if it has not already made them. This can prevent severe fetal anemia in a future pregnancy. RhIg is given as an injection shot. If you are in this situation, talk with your ob-gyn or other obstetric care provider about whether you need RhIg and when you might be given this medication.
It is not helpful if your body has already made Rh antibodies. RhIg treatment does not help if an Rh-negative woman has already made antibodies. In this case, the well-being of the fetus will be checked during the pregnancy, usually with ultrasound exams. If ultrasound exams show that the fetus has severe anemia, early delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy may be needed. If the anemia is mild, delivery may happen at the normal time. After delivery, the baby may need a blood transfusion to replace blood cells.
Amniocentesis : A procedure in which amniotic fluid and cells are taken from the uterus for testing. The procedure uses a needle to withdraw fluid and cells from the sac that holds the fetus. Anemia : Abnormally low levels of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Most cases are caused by iron deficiency lack of iron. Antibodies : Proteins in the blood that the body makes in reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. Breech Presentation : A position in which the feet or buttocks of the fetus would appear first during birth.
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