Two common detectors are the cylindrical mirror analyzer and the concentric hemispherical analyzer discussed below. Notably, concentric hemispherical analyzers typically have better energy resolution. The operation of a CMA involves an electron gun being directed at the sample. An ejected electron then enters the space between the inner and outer cylinders IC and OC.
Due to its negative potential, the outer cylinder deflects the electron towards the electron detector. Only electrons within the solid angle cone are detected. The resulting signal is proportional to the number of electrons detected as a function of kinetic energy. Electrons ejected from the surface enter the input lens, which focuses the electrons and retards their energy for better resolution.
Electrons then enter the hemispheres through an entrance slit. A potential difference is applied on the hemispheres so that only electrons with a small range of energy differences reach the exit. Finally, an electron detector analyzes the electrons.
For instance, AES is commonly employed to study film growth and surface-chemical composition, as well as grain boundaries in metals and ceramics. It is also used for quality control surface analyses in integrated circuit production lines due to short acquisition times. AES can also be used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy TEM and scanning electron microscopy SEM to obtain a comprehensive understanding of microscale materials, both chemically and structurally.
Point analysis was performed along the length of the wire to determine the percent concentrations of Nb and Sn. In searching for surface testing for your conductive or semi-conductive product or device, you, no doubt, have come across the terms: AES Analysis, Auger Analysis, and Auger Microscopy.
Each of these terms refers to Auger Electron spectroscopy, one of the most popular surface analysis techniques. Read on to learn why AES is a popular tool among manufacturers, how it works, and how to analyze results. AES provides nondestructive and semi-quantitative analysis determination of surfaces, thin films, and interfaces.
It can detect elements from lithium to uranium and beyond. And if you need to distinguish between elements that are close together on the periodic table, AES is an excellent tool for the analysis.
A finely focused, high-energy electron beam is used to excite the atoms on the surface of a sample. When the beam strikes a solid atom, a core-level electron emerges and produces a singly ionized excited atom. One of those interactions is Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The principle of Auger operates by allowing a high-energy electron from the beam to eject an electron from its orbit creating an empty hole in the orbit. As this occurs, another electron from a higher orbit moves to fill the empty space.
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