Born in La Serena, Chile, Guerrero first studied piano with his mother and older brother Daniel; he was otherwise self-taught.
As a resourceful composer and talented concert pianist, Guerrero would have a reform-minded influence on Chilean musical life. In , during a honeymoon trip to New York, Guerrero came in contact with members of the Hambourg family, who invited him to teach at the recently established Hambourg Conservatory in Toronto.
Guerrero accepted this position and emigrated to Canada with his wife and daughter the following year. Oscar Lopez was born in in Santiago, Chile and is a Chilean-Canadian master guitarist whose signature style combines fiery solos and Latin rhythms with Jazz and Pop sensibilities.
Lopez moved to Canada, first to Winnipeg, Manitoba in and then in he settled in Calgary, Alberta. He began pursuing music as a career, becoming a popular draw on the Canadian music festival circuit. He has released 12 albums between and having won the Juno for Best Instrumental Album and the Juno for Instrumental Album of the Year while receiving an additional 7 nominations.
Paola Nunez was born in the Dominican Republic, but at the age of ten her mother brought her to Toronto, Canada. From to , he was an assistant professor at the University of Toronto and was an associate professor from to In , he was awarded the th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal. In , he was made a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
Through the lens he shares a unique perspective on what it means to be an immigrant, a Canadian, and both at the same time. A Silent Love , co-written with his wife, Paulina Robles, was nominated for a Genie Award for best original screenplay and was accepted to the Sundance Film Festival. In , the most frequently-reported origins by the second generation, either alone or with other origins, were English, Canadian and Scottish.
Individuals who were third generation in the country had the highest proportion of reporting multiple ethnic origins. They were individuals who were born in Canada with Canadian-born parents. At In , the most common ethnic origins reported, either alone or in combination with other origins, by individuals who were third generation were Canadian, English and French. The people who identify themselves as a visible minority comprise 1 of 4 groups designated under the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines as visible minorities 'persons, other than Aboriginal persons, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.
The other three designated groups under the Employment Equity Act are women, Aboriginal people and people with disabilities. In , nearly 6,, people identified themselves as a member of the visible minority population on the NHS questionnaire. They represented about 1 out of every 5 people In comparison, the Census enumerated 5,, individuals who identified themselves as a member of the visible minority population, This increase in the visible minority population was due largely to the number of immigrants who arrived in Canada in recent decades from non-European countries.
The remaining The share of visible minorities has increased among immigrants who came in the more recent decades. The NHS data showed that visible minorities accounted for In contrast, visible minorities made up During the s, this proportion more than quadrupled to Combined, the three largest visible minority groups in — South Asians, Chinese and Blacks — accounted for A total of 1,, individuals identified themselves as South Asian, the largest group.
They accounted for one-quarter South Asians were also the largest visible minority group recorded in the Census. Two-thirds of South Asians reported East Indian ethnic ancestry, 9. These origins were reported by South Asians either alone or with other origins. The second largest visible minority group was Chinese, who numbered just over 1,, They made up A majority A small proportion of Chinese visible minorities reported multiple ethnic origins 8. Just under , individuals identified themselves as Blacks, the third largest group.
The top ancestral origins among Blacks were Caribbean and African such as Jamaican These origins were reported by Blacks either alone or with other origins.
There were also Blacks who reported British Isles As was the case with the immigrant population, the vast majority In Ontario, nearly 3,, people identified themselves as a member of a visible minority group, more than one-half Visible minorities accounted for the highest proportion of the provincial population in British Columbia In Ontario where the largest number of visible minorities lived in , slightly over one-quarter In Alberta, visible minorities represented Most of Canada's visible minorities The vast majority In comparison, these municipalities were home to Among these municipalities, Markham had the highest proportion of visible minorities, they accounted for Visible minorities made up The Vancouver CMA was home to 1.
Visible minorities made up close to two-fifths Slightly over one-half Toronto was home to Blacks were followed by Arabs Of the 6. These proportions varied from one group of visible minorities to another, partly because of immigration patterns. In general, groups that have long established histories in Canada and relatively little recent immigration have higher proportions of people born in Canada. For example, Japanese had a relatively long history in Canada and had no major immigration in recent decades.
Of the roughly 87, individuals who identified themselves as Japanese, Almost one-third That is, they were third-generation or more in Canada. The proportion of third-generation or more among the Japanese was also the highest in all visible minority groups.
Blacks had the second largest proportion of Canadian-born among all visible minority groups, Among Blacks, 8. Immigration in recent decades has also added to the Black visible minority group. Of these foreign-born Blacks, The top three countries of birth for the recent immigrants who identified themselves as Black were: Haiti, Nigeria and Jamaica.
Among Canada's two largest visible minority groups, Although both groups have a long history in Canada, immigration in recent decades has kept the proportion of foreign-born relatively high. The top three source countries were India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. A small proportion, 1. As well, The majority A small proportion 2. The visible minority population was generally younger than the overall total population. This is mostly due to the fact that many visible minorities were immigrants who came to Canada in recent decades.
People tend to migrate when they are younger, and they are more likely to be at the stage in life when they would have young children. The NHS data showed that the visible minority population had a median age of Blacks, which had a median age of Among Blacks, Arabs, the second youngest group, had a median age of South Asians, Canada's largest visible minority group, had a median age of Canada is a country of linguistic diversity. The nation is becoming more and more a multilingual society in the wake of growing numbers of immigrants whose mother tongue is neither English nor French.
Mother tongue is defined as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the time of the survey. In , a majority A small proportion, 3. Of the immigrant population who reported single mother tongue, about 1. Another 3. The proportion of immigrants whose mother tongue was French was higher in Quebec, Among the immigrants whose mother tongue was other than English or French, Chinese languages were most common mother tongues.
A total of about , individuals reported these languages. The largest share, The remaining 2. In total, Chinese languages were reported by The Chinese languages were followed by Tagalog, a language of the Philippines, reported by almost , people; Spanish, reported by ,; and Punjabi, by , Canada's linguistic landscape evolved with different waves of immigration.
Among immigrants who arrived prior to the s, the most common mother tongues were English, Italian, German and Dutch. The most common mother tongues among recent immigrants were English, Chinese included individuals who simply reported Chinese and Mandarin , Tagalog and Spanish.
The NHS data showed a majority Of the roughly 6. In many cases, immigrants who could speak more than one language reported knowledge of English or French, in tandem with a non-official language. Among all immigrants, A small proportion 0. In contrast, the most common combination of linguistic ability for the total population While a majority The proportion of non-English non-French speaking immigrants declined with time in the country as immigrants who lived in Canada for a longer period of time would have had more time to learn the official language s.
Among the recent immigrants who came to Canada between and , 9. This compares with 3. The NHS collected information on religious affiliation only, regardless of whether respondents practised their religion, such as attendance at religious activities. In the case of Latinos in Canada, a self-declaration about ethnicity could result in a pattern of racialized Latin Americans declaring themselves as having a Latin origin while white descendants do not.
The categories used in the Canadian census are another significative issue for the Latino community. The main problem is the confusion between the concepts of race and ethnicity. Despite not making any direct reference to race, it is implied that the question is treating the Latin American origin as a racial category.
However, if someone reports being Latin American and white, he or she will not be counted as Latin American for the visible minority variable. Considering that the information about the visible minority population is the primary source for equity programs Statistics Canada a, 1 , not counting white Latinos makes a significant difference for the community.
Statistics Canada aggregates all nationalities from Central and South America in order to reach the total amount of Latin Americans in Canada. However, this aggregation is problematic because people from Caribbean countries are not counted at all. For instance, Belize and Guyana are taken into account, whereas Cuba and Dominican Republican are not Armony , By contrast, the United States census treats Hispanic origin and race as different categories.
There is a specific question asking if the person has a Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin and another question asking explicitly about the race. Therefore, when individuals declare themselves as Hispanic, the Census Bureau assumes that they are only Hispanic regardless of their answers to the race question.
The reason for taking this approach is that Hispanics can be of any race. In , the Census Bureau tested a new format to have only one question about race and ethnicity Mathews et al.
However, the census did not adopt this format. Even though Latin Americans still underrepresented in Canadian official statistics, some recent changes were vitally important to start correcting the Canadian numbers.
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